The permanent magnet machine has attracted much attention due to its high torque density at low speed and simple configuration. This feature is due to many magnetic pole pairs that flux in the air gap can be significantly changed with the smallest motion of the moving. In this paper, a linear dual stator flux reversal permanent magnet machine (LDSFRPMM) with toroidal winding is presented, which magnets embedded with Halbach and simple Array on the translator and stator, respectively. The innovation of this structure over a conventional machine is the addition of a magnet between the stator teeth with the appropriate magnetic orientation, and finding the best width of permanent magnet on the stator and a change of the type of winding from the concentrated to the toroidal. By implementing these changes on a conventional machine, the main parameters of the machine such as back electromotive force (EMF), thrust force, power factor and permanent magnetic (PM) flux are increased which improves the performance of the proposed machine.

A novel Halbach permanent magnet Array with rectangle section and trapezoid section is proposed and optimized in this paper. The analytical model of the premanent magnet segment is established based on the surface current method, which is numerically efficient and can be utilized to evaluate the magnetic field closely with the premanent magnet segment’s configurations. The analytical model of the Halbach Array is acquired based on the superposition principle and coordinate transformation. The fundamental component of the magnetic flux density and the sinusoidal distortion rate are chosen as the optimization object. And the optimization is executed on the Halbach Array with one specific set of dimensions by the genetic algorithm in global scale. The effectiveness of the optimization is validated by the finite element analysis. Compared to the traditional Halbach Array with rectangle section, the magnetic field created by the optimized proposed Halbach Array in this paper owns better performance.

The aim of this research is to design and fabricate an actuator, which operates based on reaction forces between current carrying stator coils and magnetic Arrays (Halbach Arrays) connected to the mover, in order to move a motion stage for positioning objects. Thus, according to the initial and intended position of the mover, current commutation in stator coils is changed in a way that required force for transporting the mover to the desired position is provided. In this research, the integration of two perpendicular synchronous linear motors is utilized in order to create the planar motion. The stator consists of two sets of rectangular coils, which are placed perpendicular to each other. Mover consists of four Halbach Arrays, which two Halbach Arrays are used for x-axis motion and the other two Arrays are used for y-axis motion. First, the analytic relationship between the applied magnetic force and current commutation was introduced. Then, the design parameters such as mover dimensions and stator workspace were determined. Concerning these parameters, dimensions of cubic magnets for Halbach Array fabrication were obtained and with respect to Array dimensions, the dimensions and number of turns for stator coils were determined. Using these design parameters and commutation equations, the planar motion of the actuator was simulated. The simulation results showed good agreement with the analytical results. Experimental tests were conducted in order to investigate the positioning capabilities and 2 dimensional motion. The precision of the fabricated actuator is 5mm and the minimum response time of actuator is 0. 5sec. The minimum position error occurs at 25mm position that is due to the closeness to motor magnetic period.

Today, in many industrial processes, the use of hydraulic systems for power transmission is growing. The need of improving more accurate and faster dynamic performance of hydraulic systems has increased. Hydraulic valves are key components in hydraulic systems that improving their performance causes increasing in hydraulic systems efficiency and accuracy. In this paper, a voice coil motor is designed for a hydraulic servo valve and optimized using genetic algorithm. Firstly, a preliminary design according to the size limit has been investigated using a combination of magnet Halbach. Then optimum design is provided based on genetic algorithms to optimize the size and lack of saturation magnetic flux to achieve power needed. Finally, the achieving results of the optimization design utilizing a Halbach magnet Array, is evaluated using finite element analysis. The results show the improvement in time of performance about %3/41 new actuator compared to hydraulic valve's solenoid.

MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification) algorithm as a base of Sub-Space algorithms is applied in Array processing systems. The error of the algorithm in detection & resolution depends on several parameters, such as snapshots, signal-to-noise ratio and sensor locations. In this paper, the previous dependency is investigated. So, all the scenarios of Array shapes are defended and then i analytic formulas are derived in two bearings of θ and φ We will show which parameters have ithe most effect on the desired error (the error threshold).

Introduction: Colorectal Carcinoma is a main health problem in many countries and the third common cancer in Iran. This malignancy at present is the most curable carcinoma of gastrointestinal tract. Variation in the expression of the proteins produced by P53, P21, P16, E-cadherin, and β-catenin genes have been noted in this malignancy and may be important in the prognosis and therapeutic response rate. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency and pattern of expression of these proteins in tumoral and nontumoral colonic mucosa. The correlation with prognostic factors including tumor stage, grade, and vascular and perineural invasion was also determined. Material and Methods: The paraffin blocks from tumoral and nontumoral parts of the colon obtained from 58 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma were studied along with 50 colectomic cases in individuals without malignancy. Cylindrical tissue fragments were obtained from appropriate parts of donor blocks by using a 2.5 mm punch biopsy instrument. Each 30 samples were manually Arrayed in one tissue Array block. Expression of above genes was investigated after sectioning the blocks and immunohistochemical staining of slides. Results: The expression of P53 in tumor cells was significantly more common than in colonic nontumor cells and colon of individuals without tumor (p<0.001); expression of this protein in tumoral tissues was directly related to vascular invasion (p=0.017). The expression frequency of P21 and P16 in tumor cells was less than nontumoral tissues of patients with cancer and patients without cancer (p<0.001). These two gene products showed no correlation with prognostic factors. The expression frequency of membranous E-cadherin and β-catenin in tumor cells was not different from controls, while the membranous expression of E-cadherin was inversely related to cell differentiation (p=0.023) and vascular invasion (p=0.025). In addition, the membranous expression of β-catenin was inversely related to vascular invasion (p=0.049). Cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of β-catenin in tumor cells were significantly higher than their expression in the controls (p<0.001). Cytoplasmic expression of this marker was inversely related to disease stage (p=0.013), while its nuclear expression was inversely related to cell differentiation (p=0.012).Conclusion: According to our data, it seems that we are able to predict aggressive capacity of the colorectal tumor by determining the frequency and pattern of expression of P53, E-cadherin and β-catenin proteins. These studies can be done simply on formalin-fixed small biopsy samples before surgery to provide valuable information for surgeons, gastroenterologists, and oncologists to choose the best therapeutic approach and predict the therapeutic response. Manual tissue Array method is believed to be an economical technique for similar research projects.

Chromosome microArray is being suggested and replacing karyotype as first tier diagnostic test for individuals with unexplained developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID), autism spectrum disorders (ASD), or multiple congenital anomalies (MCA). Chromosome microArray gives a diagnostic yield of 15-20% for genetic testing of individuals with DD/ID, ASD or MCA compared to 3% in karyotype (excluding Down syndrome and other recognizable chromosomal syndromes). We present the results of chromosome microArray performed on 110 individuals with DD/ID, ASD or MCA. From the 110 cases, 23 cases (20.9%) showed copy number variations, of which 13 were deletions, 5 were duplication and 5 were duplication and deletion. The limitations of chromosome microArray are for detection of balanced translocation and low-level mosaicism, but these chromosomal abnormalities are rare causes of abnormal phenotypes in this category of patients.

Today, due to the limited supply and rapid consumption of fossil fuels, transitioning towards renewable energy supplies has become more important than ever. . The purpose of this paper is to present a new linear permanent magnet vernier machine structure which is designed to capture wave energy and improve the performance of the prototype vernier machine. By halving the proposed vernier machine, amending gear ratio and changing the shape of permanent magnet (PM) and teeth, the performance of the proposed vernier machine increases compared to the prototype vernier machine. This novelty causes the proposed vernier machine to be lighter, more economical and more efficient than the prototype vernier machine. Moreover, the main parameters of the proposed vernier machine compared to the prototype vernier machine are improved, so that in the proposed vernier machine, induced voltage, PM flux and thrust force are increased by 30, 68 and 27% respectively. In addition, the ripple of thrust force is reduced by 5%, and the self-inductance is diminished by 55%. All analyses have been performed in the same conditions with the finite element method using Ansys Maxwell software.